Bald Eagles in Arizona:

Bald Eagles in Arizona: Breeding vs. Wintering Populations

Arizona is often celebrated for its stunning landscapes, vibrant culture, and rich wildlife. What many people don’t realize is that the Grand Canyon State hosts two distinct populations of bald eagles: those that winter in Arizona and migrate north to breed, and a small subset of southwestern bald eagles that reside in Arizona year-round.

The Wintering Bald Eagles

Wintering bald eagles begin their journey to Arizona around the second week of October. These majestic birds can often be found along streams and lakes, foraging for fish and waterfowl, and spotted at locally Fountain Park each season. February marks the peak of their presence in the state, when numbers are at their highest. They generally stay until the third week of April, making their presence a seasonal delight for bird watchers and nature enthusiasts alike.

(Bald Eagle at Fountain Park)

The Breeding Bald Eagles

In contrast, Arizona boasts a small subset of a southwestern population of desert-nesting bald eagles. This adapted population thrives in the state’s unique desert environment, primarily along the Salt and Verde Rivers in central Arizona. Currently, there are 55 known bald eagle breeding areas in the state, with 17 of these (or 36%) located along the Verde River. more information here.

Breeding bald eagles begin their courtship in December, with nest building or augmentation starting in January. Eggs are laid in February—often two but up to four—and the incubation lasts approximately 65 days, resulting in hatching occurring from late February to early March. The eaglets are fledged by June, equipped with the skills to secure shelter from the intense heat that follows.

Monitoring and Conservation Efforts

The Arizona Bald Eagle Nest Watch Program plays a pivotal role in protecting these magnificent birds. Volunteers monitor nesting sites to gather crucial data on eagle behavior and to inform the public about seasonal “closures” to safeguard breeding areas. These closures begin on December 1 and typically last until June 30, with exceptions for nesting failures.

In the Verde Valley, there are three notable breeding areas—Towers, Oak Creek, and Ladders—each implementing seasonal closures to ensure the safety of the bald eagles.

Whether you’re watching wintering bald eagles soar overhead or marveling at the sight of their nesting activities along Arizona’s rivers, these majestic birds remind us of our natural heritage.